Automatic bale opener | Object of Bale Opener Machine

The automatic Bale Opener Machine is the first major machine in blow room or ring spinning. The first generation automatic bale opening machines were mostly stationary. Only the bales were moved, either backward and forward or in a circle. The second-generation machines are of the traveling type, i.e. they move past the stationary bales of the layout and extract material from top to bottom. Traveling machines have the advantage that more bales can be processed as an overall unit (charge), and thus a better long-term blend is achieved. It should be noted, however, that these machines extract material only in batches, i.e. they can process only one, two, or at most three bales simultaneously. If a long-term blend is to be achieved, then mixing machines must be included downstream from the bale opener. A bale layout can comprise up to 130 bales from 4 to 6 different sources, i.e. 4 to 6 different types of a bale per fiber blend. Intervening spaces sometimes have to be left between the individual bale groups so that the extraction roller can be adapted to varying bale heights. The machines are completely electronically controlled and extract material from all bales evenly, independently of varying bale densities and heights. 

The machines of this first zone should be able to:

ü  extract material evenly from all the bales of a lay-out;

ü  open the material gently;

ü  open up to the smallest tufts;

ü  form tufts of equal size;

ü  process as many bales as possible in a single charge;

ü  be universally applicable, i.e. easy to program;

ü  blend material right at the start of the process;

ü  Permit the composition of a fiber blend from several components (fiber origins).

Types of bale opener: 

There are two types of bale opener,

                    1. Automatic bale opener
                    2. Manual bale opener.

  

Automatic bale opener

Manual bale opener

              Objectives:

              1. To open the tuft of cotton.

              2. To mix & blend the fiber

              3. To act as a preserver box for the next machine.

            The function of Bale Opener Machine:


          1. Regulating motion by swing paddle.
          2. Air suctioning.
          3. Beating action.
          4. Spiked lattice action.

              Main Parts:

            1. Feed lattice.
            2. Bottom lattice.
            3. Spiked lattice.
            4. Wiper roller
            5. Evener roller.
            6. Breaker roller.
            7. Grid bar.

             Main setting point:

1. Grid bar to grid bar = 0.75``
2. Beater grid to grid bar = 2``
3. Spike to spike = 2.5``

Specification:

• Motor r.p.m = 1440
• Motor pulley dia (A) = 3.5``
• M/C pulley dia (B) = 15.5``
• Beater shaft pulley (C) = 6``
• Beater shaft pulley (to wiper) dia (L) = 9``
• Beater shaft pulley (to evener) dia (J) = (Eight)8``
• Beater shaft pulley (to fan) dia (N) = (sixteenth)16``
• Evener pulley dia (K) = 10``
• Wiper pulley dia (M) = 6``
• Suction fan pulley dia (D) = 5.75``
• Feed lattice pulley dia (I) = 18``
• Bottom lattice pulley dia (O) = 18``
• Inclined lattice pulley (to beater pulley) dia = 12``
• Inclined lattice pulley (to bottom lattice) dia = 4``
• Inclined spike lattice carrier pulley dia, D2 = 6`5``

Calculation:

1. Feed lattice r.p.m
= 1440*(3.5``/15.5``)*(6``/12``)*(6.5``/9.5``)*(24/72)*(4/18)*(18/8)*(8/16)*(18/10)
= 16.68

2. Bottom lattice r.p.m = 1440*(3.5``/15.5``)*(6``/12``)*(6.5``/9.5``)*(24/72)*(4/18)
= 8.24

3. Inclined spiked lattice r.p.m = 1440*(3.5``/15.5``)*(6``/12``)*(6.5``/9.5``)*(24/72)
= 37.07

4. Wiper roller r.p.m = 1440*(3.5``/15.5``)*(9``/6``) = 487.73

5. Evener roller r.p.m = 1440*(3.5``/15.5``)*(8``/10) = 260.12

6. Beater r.p.m = 1440*(3.5``/15.5``) = 325.15

7. Suction fan r.p.m = 1440*(3.5``/15.5``)*(16``/5.75``) = 904.78

Conclusion :

The hopper bale opener is the first m/c in the blow room section. It is important because cotton is in bale from open first to produce yarn and if not open, it is difficult to get fine yarn. The m/c that we observed was not running due to the construction of the shed, and electricity was not supplied; therefore we could not observe the working procedure of the m/c. But it helps to change our theoretical knowledge on a practical basis.